Location Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey

Geographic coordinates 35 00 N, 38 00 E

Map references Middle East

Area
total: 185,180 sq km
note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory
water: 1,130 sq km
land: 184,050 sq km

Area - comparative slightly larger than North Dakota

Land boundaries
total: 2,253 km
border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km

Coastline 193 km

Maritime claims
contiguous zone: 41 NM
territorial sea: 35 NM

Climate mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus

Terrain primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west

Elevation extremes
lowest point: unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m
highest point: Mount Hermon 2,814 m

Natural resources petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower

Land use
arable land: 26%
permanent crops: 4%
other: 70% (1998 est.)

Irrigated land 12,130 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards dust storms, sandstorms

Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water

Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Geography - note there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 2001 est.)

NOTE: The information regarding Syria on this page is re-published from the 2002 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Syria Geography 2002 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Syria Geography 2002 should be addressed to the CIA.