Location Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Geographic coordinates 41 50 N, 22 00 E

Map references Europe

Area
total: 25,333 sq km
land: 24,856 sq km
water: 477 sq km

Area - comparative slightly larger than Vermont

Land boundaries
total: 748 km
border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Coastline 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims none (landlocked)

Climate hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Terrain mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Elevation extremes
lowest point: Vardar River 50 m
highest point: Korab 2,753 m

Natural resources chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber

Land use
arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 10% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land 830 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards high seismic risks

Environment - current issues air pollution from metallurgical plants

Environment - international agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

NOTE: The information regarding Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of on this page is re-published from the 1998 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Geography 1998 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Geography 1998 should be addressed to the CIA.