Economy - overview In 1997/98, the Thai economy is in a deep recession as a result of the severe financial problems facing many Thai firms, particularly banks and finance companies. In the early 1990s, Thailand liberalized financial inflows; banks and other firms borrowed in dollars and did not hedge their positions because there was no perceived exchange rate risk. These funds financed a property boom that began to taper off in the mid-1990s. In addition, export growth - previously a key driver of the Thai economy - collapsed in 1996, resulting in growing doubts that the Bank of Thailand could maintain the baht's peg to the dollar. The Bank mounted an expensive defense of the exchange rate that nearly depleted foreign exchange reserves, then decided to float the exchange rate, triggering a sharp increase in foreign liabilities that cash-strapped Thai firms were already having trouble repaying. In August 1997, the government headed by Prime Minister CHAWALIT signed an agreement with the IMF for access to a $14 billion facility to supplement foreign exchange reserves and restore financial market stability. CHAWALIT resigned in November 1997, however, under pressure for lacking a coherent approach to managing the IMF program and the financial crisis. Democratic Party leader CHUAN Likphai formed a seven-party coalition government and closely adhered to the IMF program, tentatively reestablishing financial stability by February 1998. An economic turnaround requires rescheduling the large short-term foreign liabilities of Thai firms, restoring high rates of export growth to finance foreign liabilities, and extensively recapitalizing the banking system.

GDP purchasing power parity - $525 billion (1997 est.)

GDP - real growth rate -0.4% (1997 est.)

GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $8,800 (1997 est.)

GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: 10%
industry: 28.7%
services: 61.3% (1997)

Inflation rate - consumer price index 5.6% (1997 est.)

Labor force
total: 32.6 million (1997 est.)
by occupation: agriculture 54%, industry 15%, services (including government) 31% (1996 est.)

Unemployment rate 3.5%

Budget
revenues: $24 billion
expenditures: $25 billion, including capital expenditures of $8 billion (FY96/97)

Industries tourism; textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing, such as jewelry; electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer

Industrial production growth rate -15% (1997 est.)

Electricity - capacity 15.838 million kW (1995)

Electricity - production 77.5 billion kWh (1995)

Electricity - consumption per capita 1,295 kWh (1995)

Agriculture - products rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans

Exports
total value: $51.6 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities: manufactures 82%, agricultural products and fisheries 14% (1997)
partners: US 19.6%, Japan 14.9%, Singapore 11%, Hong Kong 5.7%, Malaysia 4.3%, UK 3.7% (1997)

Imports
total value: $73.5 billion (c.i.f., 1996)
commodities: capital goods 50%, consumer goods 10.2%, fuels 8.7% (1997)
partners: Japan 25.6%, US 13.9%, Singapore 5%, Taiwan 4.6%, Germany 4.5%, Malaysia 4.1% (1997)

Debt - external $90 billion (1997)

Economic aid
recipient: ODA, $624 million (1993)

Currency 1 baht (B) = 100 satang

Exchange rates baht (B) per US$1 - 53.812 (January 1998), 31.364 (1997), 25.343 (1996), 24.915 (1995), 25.150 (1994), 25.319 (1993)

Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September

NOTE: The information regarding Thailand on this page is re-published from the 1998 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Thailand Economy 1998 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Thailand Economy 1998 should be addressed to the CIA.