Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan

Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 39 00 E

Map references Africa

Area
total: 121,320 sq km
land: 121,320 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative slightly larger than Pennsylvania

Land boundaries
total: 1,630 km
border countries: Djibouti 113 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km

Coastline 2,234 km total; mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km

Maritime claims NA

Climate hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except on coastal desert

Terrain dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains

Elevation extremes
lowest point: Kobar Sink -75 m
highest point: Soira 3,013 m

Natural resources gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, probably oil and natural gas (petroleum geologists are prospecting for it), fish

Land use
arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 48%
forests and woodland: 20%
other: 19% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land 280 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards frequent droughts

Environment - current issues deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare

Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993

NOTE: The information regarding Eritrea on this page is re-published from the 1998 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Eritrea Geography 1998 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Eritrea Geography 1998 should be addressed to the CIA.